Il 12 Marzo è la giornata mondiale dedicata alla lotta contro la cyber censura, per promuovere la libera espressione sul web e un eguale accesso alle informazioni
Il web è una sconfinata fonte di informazioni. Ci permette di essere a conoscenza di qualsiasi cosa a cui noi potremmo mai essere interessati grazie a un semplice clic. Come qualsiasi altro media però anche Internet è soggetto al controllo da parte di governi e istituzioni. Per anni la censura ha caratterizzato giornali, riviste e televisioni: per evitare che questo scenario si ripeta anche nell’era digitale il 12 Marzo è stata indetta la giornata mondiale contro la cyber censura.
Il concetto di cyber censura
Per noi europei navigare in rete, avere il libero accesso alle informazioni, ai contenuti e alle comunicazioni è una cosa del tutto normale. La verità però è che non è lo stesso per buona parte degli altri paesi del mondo. Sono infatti almeno 60 gli Stati che operano un controllo sistematico della rete, filtrando o eliminando i contenuti ritenuti scomodi. Tra questi troviamo Arabia Saudita, Cina, Corea del Nord, Iran, Siria, Vietnam, Birmania, Cuba e Turkmenistan.
Le tecniche utilizzate per applicare questo controllo delle informazioni sono diverse: dal filtraggio dei dati, al blocco dell’URL (con tanto di di falsa scritta “error 404 not found” per ingannare i web-nauti di turno) fino alla creazione di “black list” per i termini specifici su cui i cittadini devono essere tenuti all’oscuro. Le motivazioni dietro questo comportamento sono spesso legate a interessi politici ed economici, ma a volte anche a questioni di sicurezza.
In alcuni casi, per cercare di evitare che il pubblico venisse a conoscenza di date informazioni, i governi hanno addirittura fatto ricorso a omicidi e incarcerazioni di giornalisti. Solo nel 2020 si sono infatti registrate 50 morti in tutto il mondo di blogger e reporter che sono impegnati per libertà di stampa. L’intensità di tali pratiche ovviamente varia da paese a Paese, ma la sostanza rimane.
La lotta per la libertà d’espressione
Nel corso degli ultimi anni abbiamo più volte visto Internet divenire l’unica informazione indipendente nei regimi in cui le libertà d’informazione risultano ristrette. Tra la primavera araba, le proteste a Hong Kong e l’occupazione talebana di Kabul il web si è rivelato un formidabile alleato nella lotta ai regimi e ai totalitarismi. Un argomento ancora più attuale se si considerano i recenti fatti che stanno coinvolgendo Russia e Ucraina.
La cyber censura poi non mette solo in pericolo la libertà d’espressione e d’informazione: può anche diventare un vero e proprio deterrente per la creatività e lo sviluppo scientifico. La libera circolazione delle informazioni è ciò che ha permesso all’era moderna di svilupparsi: senza, probabilmente l’era digitale non avrebbe mai avuto inizio. Per questo è importante ricordare sempre quanto sia fondamentale vivere in una società senza censure e sostenere una rete accessibile a tutti.
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